Alcohol Warnings Essays - Drinking Culture, Neurochemistry

Alcohol Warnings The FDA is considering additional warnings on beer and alcohol bottles, such as: WARNING: consumption of alcohol may make you think you are whispering when you are not. WARNING: consumption of alcohol is a major factor in dancing like an *censored*. WARNING: consumption of alcohol may cause you to tell the same boring story over and over again until your friends want to SMASH YOUR HEAD IN. WARNING: consumption of alcohol may cause you to thay shings like thish. WARNING: consumption of alcohol may lead you to believe that ex-lovers are really dying for you to telephone them at 4 in the morning. WARNING: consumption of alcohol may leave you wondering what the hell happened to your pants. WARNING: consumption of alcohol may cause you to roll over in the morning and see something really scary (whose species and or name you can't remember). WARNING: consumption of alcohol is the leading cause of inexplicable rug burns on the forehead. WARNING: consumption of alcohol may create the illusion that you are tougher, handsomer and smarter than some really, really big guy named Chuck. WARNING: consumption of alcohol may lead you to believe you are invisible. WARNING: consumption of alcohol may lead you to think people are laughing WITH you. WARNING: Consumption of alcohol may cause an disruption in the space-time continuum, whereby small (and sometimes large) gaps of time may seem to disappear. WARNING: Consumption of alcohol may actually CAUSE pregnancy. Social Issues

Effect of Concentration on the Rate of Reaction Essay Example

Effect of Concentration on the Rate of Reaction Essay Example Effect of Concentration on the Rate of Reaction Paper Effect of Concentration on the Rate of Reaction Paper Introduction: In this experiment, we utilized the ability for the iodide ion to become oxidized by the persulphate ion. Our general reaction can be described as: (NH4)2S2O8 + 2KI A I2 + (NH4)2SO4 + K2SO4 (1a) However, we know that in an aqueous solution, all of these compounds except iodine will dissociate into their ionic components. Thus we can rewrite the equation in a more convenient manner: S2O82- + 2I- A I2 + 2SO42- (1b) It is important however to note that the NH4 and K ions are still in the solution, they are just unreactive. In order to measure the rate of the reaction, the conventional method would be to measure the species in question at certain times. However, this would be inconvenient, especially for a three hour laboratory period. Since the iodide ion can be oxidized by the persulphate ion, we can use sodium thiosulphate to be an indicator of the presence of iodine in the solution. For this experiment, we can simply calculate the rate of the reaction by timing the amount of iodine being produced in several runs. The reaction between iodine and sodium persulphate can be depicted as: I2 + 2Na2S2O3 A 2NaI + Na2S4O6 (2a) Similarly, this reaction above can also be simplified due to dissociation of all the ions except for iodine and persulphate. I2 + 2S2O3 A 2I- + S4O62- (2b) An interesting property of reaction (1) is that it produces a brilliant violet colour. However, this violet colour only results in the presence of iodine, or in other words, when iodine is being produced in the reaction. If sodium thiosulphate is added to reaction (1), than as long as there are two moles of thiosulphate for every mole of iodine, the solution will be colourless because the iodine is being used up in reaction (2). However, as time passes, the thiosulphate must run out at some point, and when it does, the violet colour will appear. Timing how long it takes for the violet colour to appear will allow us to calculate the rate of the reaction. In this experiment, 5 mL was also added in order to provide a more accurate measure of the time at which the colour first appears. Starch is helpful because it forms a blue complex with free iodine. Once we have the time elapsed for each run, we can calculate the rate of the reaction by applying the equation: Rate = -a  S2O8-2 / a  t The change in S2O8-2 is simply half the concentration of S2O3-2 because in reaction (2), the consumption of iodine and persulphate has a 1:2 ratio. Thus, the consumption of iodine can be seen as half the consumption of persulphate (S2O3-2). After calculating the rate of the reaction, the rate constant can be found by using the equation: Rate = k [ S2O82-]m[I-] n By comparing 2 sets of data at a time from 2 different runs, the order exponents m and n can be calculated, and thus, we can write the rate law for the iodide-persulphate reaction. We should also expect that the expected relationships between the concentration of S2O8-2 and the rate of reaction and rate constant might not always be extremely accurate in this experiment. When dealing with ions, we must always consider the ionic strength of the ions involved. The rate of the reaction will increase as the ionic strength gets stronger, thus, we will not always see a perfect linear relationship between [S2O8-2] and the rate of the reaction and the rate constant. The purpose of this experiment was to perform many trials of the same experiment, varying only the concentrations of certain ionic compounds in order to determine the affect of concentration on the rate of a reaction. By varying the concentration of different compounds for each run while keeping other factors constant, we were able to obtain experimental data that would give us a relationship between concentration and reaction rate.

Auditing and Accounting Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Auditing and Accounting Ethics - Essay Example The act suggests undertaking continuous rotation of audit partners. It also emphasises increased financial reporting and imposes limits on certain non-audit services. The Sarbanes-Oxley act suggests reducing the economic interdependence of auditor and client. The economic rent provided to the auditors can only be gained as a result of long lasting relation ship between the auditor and the client, this condition in turn acts as a hindrance in the way of auditor to act independently. The threat of lawsuits often act as a motivator for the auditors to act independently as inefficient or unfair performance can result in shape of judicial action against auditors. In most of the studies undertaken it has been observed that the higher degree of threat to the auditors independence leads to authentic opinion. Its also found that auditor does not tend to change their decision with the varying degree of independence but change the decision process. i) Difference in the social and cultural value s: Standard setting is a crucial process, which includes change. Some societies have open and flexible culture, which keeps on transforming with the time. But on the other hand closed societies have relatively rigid culture. The acceptance level of change in these societies is very low. In the case of the global harmonisation of standards a country adopting the International standards cannot complete the picture. In most of the studies undertaken it has been observed that the higher degree of threat to the auditors independence.

Auditing and Accounting Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Auditing and Accounting Ethics - Essay Example The act suggests undertaking continuous rotation of audit partners. It also emphasises increased financial reporting and imposes limits on certain non-audit services. The Sarbanes-Oxley act suggests reducing the economic interdependence of auditor and client. The economic rent provided to the auditors can only be gained as a result of long lasting relation ship between the auditor and the client, this condition in turn acts as a hindrance in the way of auditor to act independently. The threat of lawsuits often act as a motivator for the auditors to act independently as inefficient or unfair performance can result in shape of judicial action against auditors. In most of the studies undertaken it has been observed that the higher degree of threat to the auditors independence leads to authentic opinion. Its also found that auditor does not tend to change their decision with the varying degree of independence but change the decision process. i) Difference in the social and cultural value s: Standard setting is a crucial process, which includes change. Some societies have open and flexible culture, which keeps on transforming with the time. But on the other hand closed societies have relatively rigid culture. The acceptance level of change in these societies is very low. In the case of the global harmonisation of standards a country adopting the International standards cannot complete the picture. In most of the studies undertaken it has been observed that the higher degree of threat to the auditors independence.

Auditing and Accounting Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Auditing and Accounting Ethics - Essay Example The act suggests undertaking continuous rotation of audit partners. It also emphasises increased financial reporting and imposes limits on certain non-audit services. The Sarbanes-Oxley act suggests reducing the economic interdependence of auditor and client. The economic rent provided to the auditors can only be gained as a result of long lasting relation ship between the auditor and the client, this condition in turn acts as a hindrance in the way of auditor to act independently. The threat of lawsuits often act as a motivator for the auditors to act independently as inefficient or unfair performance can result in shape of judicial action against auditors. In most of the studies undertaken it has been observed that the higher degree of threat to the auditors independence leads to authentic opinion. Its also found that auditor does not tend to change their decision with the varying degree of independence but change the decision process. i) Difference in the social and cultural value s: Standard setting is a crucial process, which includes change. Some societies have open and flexible culture, which keeps on transforming with the time. But on the other hand closed societies have relatively rigid culture. The acceptance level of change in these societies is very low. In the case of the global harmonisation of standards a country adopting the International standards cannot complete the picture. In most of the studies undertaken it has been observed that the higher degree of threat to the auditors independence.

Performance and Reward Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Performance and Reward Management - Assignment Example The above issue is critically discussed in this paper. Reference is made particularly to the potential decrease of the payroll costs without the corporate plans to be affected. The reward practices, as a tool for supporting employee motivation, are analytically explained because of their high contribution in the increase of payroll costs. Particular emphasis is given on the problematic relations between the reward policies and practices since the above problems can negatively affect the payroll costs of organizations. A series of studies related to the issues under discussion have been studied. It is made clear that the limitation of payroll costs, as a strategic target of firms in different industries, is feasible; however, it is not clear whether the above finding involves in all organizations or whether there are organizations where the limitation of payroll costs is more difficult – especially when the need for increased profits, even in the short term is high and the limi tation of payroll costs would negatively affect such effort. In any case, the decrease of payroll costs should be adopted by all organizations, which are interested in establishing a long-term growth. The use of specific strategies, as indicatively suggested below, could help these firms to be protected from failures in their plans, as a potential consequence of the limitation of payroll costs across their departments. 2. Reward policies – role and forms In everyday business practice, the term ‘reward’ is used instead of the terms ‘salary’ and ‘wages’ (Cowling et al. 1998, p.173). In other words, the particular term is used in order to show all the potential benefits of an employee from his work in a specific organization. Moreover, the term reward can include both the monetary and the non-monetary benefits of employee in the workplace (Cowling et al. 1998, p.173). It should be noted that reward, as described previously, is part of a gre ater framework, the reward system, which has specific structure and rules as explained below. Moreover, in the context described above, reward can affect the payroll system of each organization (which under these terms is considered equal to the reward system). For this reason, the evaluation of the potential limitation of the payroll costs of a particular organization requires the reference to the reward system of the specific organization. The reward system of each organization can be differentiated, in accordance with the organizational culture and goals but also with the resources available for the realization of the relevant plans. In accordance with Armstrong (2007) the reward system established in modern organizations is likely to include a series of policies and practices, as for example: a) a reward strategy including the future plans of the organization regarding the payroll of employees, b) a reward strategy that refers to the terms on which the payment of employees in va rious organizational departments is based – compared to the average salary of employments within the same industrial sector; the particular strategy needs to be based on the relevant provisions of the law – referring both to the type of the reward given to each employee but also to the level of the reward, c) a reward practice referring to the techniques used for estimating the effectiveness of job evaluation techniques – as developed within the local or the international

Improving Health Literacy with Clear Communication Essay Example for Free

Improving Health Literacy with Clear Communication Essay Health literacy, defined as the ability to search, find, understand, evaluate and act on health information to promote, maintain and improve health in a variety of ways across the lifespan (Manafo Wong, 2013). Paasche-Orlow and Wolf proposed a conceptual model of this relationship that highlights the two-sided nature of health literacy: the role of self-care and personal skill development, and the importance of a therapeutic relationship between patient and healthcare provider. As two aspects operate together in promoting efficient health literacy outcomes, a top priority of health literacy for Canadians is having the necessary capacity, opportunity, and encouragement to collect and use health information efficiently; so, they can act as educated partners in their self-care (Manafo, 2013). Unfortunately, Canadians have a low level of health literacy, which associates with poorer health outcomes. Low health education interferes health promotion and well-being of the aging Canadian population (Poureslami, Rootman, Pleasant, FitzGerald, 2016). Enhancing individual health literacy skills is the next step in promoting the use and uptake of information available to support Canadians’ health and well-being (Manafo, 2013). Improved health literacy associated with reductions in risk behaviors for chronic disease, higher self-reported health status, and decreased health care utilization. (Poureslami, Nimmon, Rootman, FitzGerald, 2017). Due to the active communication between health care providers, who play an essential function in health promotion, management of chronic disease, and disease prevention, we can reach a sufficient level of HL of public (Poureslami, 2106). According to the Erickson’s model, middle age defines as the time between ages 35 to 65. Significant physiological and psychological changes that are gradual and inevitable may occur between the ages 40 and 65 years. The physiological and psychosocial changes presented in the middle adulthood may be accompanied by declining of physical strength and the awareness of mortality (Potter Perry, 2014). Chronic health disorders can arise as an issue accompanied by disability or disease. Successful chronic disease management (CDM) requires patient and health care provider collaboration in which health literacy is foundational. This partnership less effective when patients do not have the skills to process and act on health information and providers lack the skills and resources to deliver that information in ways that support comprehension and uptake (Poureslami, 2106). The aging population, especially among ethnic groups with chronic diseases, have been found to be at higher risk for misunderstanding their diagnosis, treatment plan, and instructions for self-management. It is crucial to understand better the role of the community and public health in supporting health literacy and chronic disease self-management. Creating community-based education and health public programs that mediate exchange and uptake information (FitzGerald, Poureslami, 2014). The source of many chronic health conditions, including type II diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is behavioral. Furthermore, the successful control of chronic diseases, including asthma, relies on a patient\s activities and behaviors. Asthma can be well controlled when patients put maximum effort to manage exposures to triggers, maintain constant contact with health care providers, and follow specialists’ recommendations and treatments (Bender, 2015). Due to the therapeutic relationship between a nurse and a patient, a shared-decision-making approach has demonstrated positive results in practical application in asthma care (Bender, 2105). Providers who practice patient-centered care often utilize a shared decision-making communication plan to examine patients’ perspectives and involve them in making decisions about their health. According to the recent researching, higher adherence and low percentage of urgent care are recorded in the group of patients whose provider received the shared decision-making training in comparison with the other group of asthmatics whose symptoms got worst due to the routine care and guidelines management instructions. (Bender, 2015). Ineffective asthma management is costly for patients’ and taxpayers budget. According to the statistical numbers from National Health Survey of 2014, the number of patients with asthma increased by 28 % from 2001 to 2011. Moreover, the estimated cost of asthm a for taxpayers budget was $ 56 billion in 2007 (Mishra, Kashif, Venkatram, George, Luo Diaz-Fuentes, 2017). Asthma action plan (AAP) is highly recommended in addition to education to improve outcomes in asthmatics. â€Å"To improve asthma management and reduce the number of deaths from the condition, the national guidance recommends that patients are offered a written, personalized asthma action plan (Newell, 2015, p.12). The Asthma Action Plan provides information about asthma stages identifying when symptoms become worse, medication, and what to do in an emergency. The healthcare provider will write asthma plan with an explanation about right using of inhalers and elimination of all triggers (Newell,2015). The nursing process of writing AAP consists of four phases: assessing, planning, implementing, and evaluating (Newell, 2015). An individualized written action plan is adjusted to the patient’s asthma severity and treatment. Several studies have shown that asthma education improves outcomes like asthma-related emergency room (ER) utilization and hospitalization, unscheduled doct ors’ visits, days off work, and quality of life.